Radiation, with the actual numbers
Dental X-ray radiation: how much, compared with what
Every practice page in this market says something like “90% less radiation than traditional film.” Film is a comparison hardly anyone has used for fifteen years. The figure comes from equipment marketing, and it does not answer the question a parent is actually asking. So here are the real doses, in microsieverts, next to something you can measure them against.
One thing to be clear about first. You are absorbing a small amount of radiation constantly, from the ground under your feet, the air, your own food and space itself. Everyone absorbs some of it, whether they choose to or not. In the United States it comes to roughly 8.5 microsieverts a day. That is the yardstick used below — so when a scan is described as adding about as much radiation as a day of normal life, it means theamount of radiation is similar to what you would have absorbed anyway in a day. It does not mean anything is taken off your life. Nothing on this page shortens anyone's life by a day.
| What it is | Effective dose | How much radiation that is |
|---|
| A single intraoral X-ray — the small one held against your teeth | 1–8 µSv | Adds less radiation than you absorb on an ordinary day |
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| A cephalometric X-ray — the side-on view used for orthodontics | 2–3 µSv | Also less than an ordinary day's worth |
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| A panoramic X-ray — the one that goes around your head | 4–30 µSv | Adds about as much as half a day to three and a half days of normal life |
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| A dental CBCT — a small volume, one area of the jaw | typically about 84 µSv | Adds about as much radiation as ten ordinary days |
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| A dental CBCT — a medium volume | typically about 177 µSv | Adds about as much radiation as three ordinary weeks |
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| A dental CBCT — a large volume, the whole jaw and face | typically about 212 µSv | Adds about as much as three and a half ordinary weeks — or two chest X-rays |
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| Simply living in the United States, per day | about 8.5 µSv | From the ground, the air and space. It is background radiation everyone already receives |
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| A chest X-ray at the doctor | about 100 µSv | Adds about as much radiation as twelve ordinary days, for scale |
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The rows worth noticing are the 3-D scans. They are the highest doses on this page by a wide margin, and we are not going to bury that under a percentage. It is why a 3-D scan is taken only when it changes the plan — an implant position, the nerve beneath a wisdom tooth. It is always quoted separately, on its own, apart from any package.
The three-dimensional figures are averages across the published research, and the spread between machines is wide — the same kind of scan can differ several times over between one unit and another. We publish the averages because a real number you can check is worth more than a percentage you cannot, and we quote the 3-D scan separately, on its own, apart from any package, for the same reason: it is the one exposure here worth a decision.
Intraoral, panoramic and cephalometric figures: International Atomic Energy Agency, Radiation doses in dental radiology. Cone-beam CT figures: Ludlow JB and colleagues, Effective dose of dental CBCT — a meta analysis of published data and additional data for nine CBCT units, Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 2015 — adult averages at each machine's standard protocol. Background and chest X-ray: US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Doses in Our Daily Lives — 620 mrem a year from all sources, half of it natural background, so roughly 8.5 µSv a day. Checked September 16, 2026. None of these sources are ours and all of them can be looked up.